Why look beyond Eleventy

Eleventy excels at generating static sites with high performance and a customizable build process. Its strength lies in its flexibility with template languages and its data cascade, allowing developers to pull content from various sources and render it efficiently. However, there are scenarios where developers might consider alternatives. For projects requiring integrated backend functionalities, server-side rendering (SSR), or extensive client-side interactivity, frameworks like Next.js offer a more comprehensive solution. While Eleventy is highly performant for static output, its JavaScript-based build process might not match the raw compilation speed of Go-based static site generators like Hugo for extremely large sites with thousands of pages. Additionally, some teams might prefer an alternative with a more opinionated structure, a larger plugin ecosystem, or built-in tooling for specific use cases like e-commerce or complex data visualizations, which might be less straightforward to implement with Eleventy's more minimalist approach.

Top alternatives ranked

  1. 1. Next.js — A React framework for production

    Next.js is a full-stack React framework that supports multiple rendering strategies, including server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and incremental static regeneration (ISR). Developed by Vercel, Next.js provides features like file-system-based routing, API routes, and built-in image optimization, making it suitable for complex web applications. While Eleventy focuses purely on static output, Next.js offers a more integrated development experience for applications requiring dynamic data fetching or server-side logic. Its strong community and extensive ecosystem of libraries and tools built around React further enhance its appeal for large-scale projects and teams already familiar with the React paradigm. Next.js is often chosen when a project needs to scale beyond purely static content, incorporating user authentication, database interactions, or real-time updates.

    Best for: Modern web applications, full-stack React projects, server-rendered applications, large-scale websites.

    See our Next.js profile or visit the official Next.js website.

  2. 2. Hugo — The world’s fastest framework for building websites

    Hugo is a static site generator written in Go, renowned for its build speed. It can generate large websites with thousands of pages in seconds, making it a strong contender for content-heavy sites, technical documentation, and blogs where build performance is critical. Unlike Eleventy, which uses JavaScript and Node.js, Hugo's Go-based architecture offers inherent speed advantages, particularly on systems with lower resources or during continuous integration (CI) builds. Hugo provides a powerful templating system based on Go templates and supports various content formats, including Markdown. Its opinionated structure and rich set of built-in features, such as shortcodes, taxonomies, and multilingual support, can simplify development for specific use cases, though it may require learning Go's templating syntax.

    Best for: Large blogs, technical documentation, content-heavy sites, projects prioritizing build speed.

    See our Hugo profile or visit the official Hugo website.

  3. 3. Jekyll — Simple, blog-aware, static sites

    Jekyll is a static site generator built with Ruby, known for its simplicity and close integration with GitHub Pages. It takes raw text files written in Markdown, Liquid templates, and other formats, and converts them into a complete static website. Jekyll's design is heavily influenced by blogging platforms, offering built-in support for posts, categories, tags, and customizable permalinks. For developers already familiar with Ruby or those looking for a straightforward solution to host a personal blog or documentation site on GitHub Pages, Jekyll provides a well-documented and widely supported option. While Eleventy offers more flexibility in terms of template languages and data sources, Jekyll's opinionated structure can simplify development for its intended use cases, providing a quick path to deployment.

    Best for: Personal blogs, developer portfolios, documentation sites hosted on GitHub Pages, simple marketing pages.

    See our Jekyll profile or visit the official Jekyll website.

  4. 4. Gatsby — The fastest way to build the web

    Gatsby is a React-based framework for building fast, content-rich websites and applications. It leverages a GraphQL data layer to pull content from various sources, including CMS platforms, APIs, and local files, and then optimizes it for performance using techniques like image optimization, code splitting, and lazy loading. Gatsby's focus on performance and its plugin ecosystem make it suitable for complex projects that require integrating multiple data sources and delivering a highly performant user experience. While Eleventy is also performance-focused, Gatsby's React foundation and GraphQL data layer offer a more structured approach for building single-page applications (SPAs) and progressive web apps (PWAs) with rich client-side interactivity. It is often chosen for marketing sites, e-commerce fronts, and portals that demand high Lighthouse scores and advanced content management.

    Best for: Content-rich websites, PWAs, integrating multiple data sources, fast-loading web experiences.

    See our Gatsby profile or visit the official Gatsby documentation.

  5. 5. Astro — The web framework for content-driven websites

    Astro is a modern web framework designed for building fast, content-focused websites. It emphasizes shipping minimal JavaScript to the browser by default, achieving excellent performance scores. Astro allows developers to use their preferred UI components (React, Vue, Svelte, etc.) and automatically hydrates only the interactive parts of the page, a concept known as "island architecture." This approach contrasts with traditional single-page application frameworks that send entire JavaScript bundles. While Eleventy is known for its minimal JavaScript output, Astro provides a more structured way to incorporate client-side interactivity without sacrificing static performance. It's particularly well-suited for marketing sites, blogs, and e-commerce frontends where content delivery and speed are paramount, offering a balance between static generation and modern component-based development.

    Best for: Content-driven websites, marketing sites, blogs, e-commerce, projects requiring minimal JavaScript.

    See our Astro profile or visit the official Astro documentation.

  6. 6. Remix — Build better websites

    Remix is a full-stack web framework that focuses on web standards and provides a robust solution for building dynamic web applications. Similar to Next.js, Remix supports server-side rendering and offers a comprehensive approach to routing, data loading, and mutations. It leverages web fundamentals, such as HTML forms and HTTP caching, to deliver resilient and performant user experiences. While Eleventy excels at static output, Remix is designed for applications that require dynamic interactions, user authentication, and complex data flows. For developers seeking a framework that provides a strong opinion on how to handle data and state across the client and server, while still delivering fast initial page loads, Remix presents a compelling alternative, especially for teams building rich, interactive web experiences with a focus on web performance and developer experience.

    Best for: Dynamic web applications, full-stack development, projects leveraging web standards, interactive user interfaces.

    See our Remix profile or visit the official Remix documentation.

  7. 7. SolidJS — A declarative JavaScript library for creating user interfaces

    SolidJS is a reactive JavaScript library for building user interfaces, similar to React or Vue, but with a different rendering paradigm that compiles templates directly to DOM instructions. This approach results in highly performant and small bundles, as there is no virtual DOM. While SolidJS itself is a UI library, it can be combined with static site generators or used with its own meta-framework, SolidStart, to build full-fledged applications. For developers who appreciate Eleventy's focus on performance and minimal overhead but require a robust reactive UI layer for client-side interactivity, SolidJS offers a compelling option. It provides a highly performant and efficient way to manage complex UI states without the overhead typically associated with larger frameworks, making it suitable for projects where raw JavaScript performance and fine-grained reactivity are top priorities.

    Best for: Highly performant interactive user interfaces, client-side applications, projects prioritizing raw JavaScript performance and small bundle sizes.

    See our SolidJS profile or visit the official SolidJS documentation.

Side-by-side

Feature Eleventy Next.js Hugo Jekyll Gatsby Astro Remix SolidJS
Primary Language JavaScript JavaScript/TypeScript Go Ruby JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript
Rendering Strategy SSG SSG, SSR, ISR SSG SSG SSG, SSR (via plugins) SSG, SSR SSR, SSG Client-side (with meta-framework for SSG/SSR)
UI Framework None (template agnostic) React None (Go templates) None (Liquid templates) React Any (React, Vue, Svelte, etc.) React Solid (reactive primitives)
Build Speed Fast (JavaScript-based) Moderate to Fast Extremely Fast (Go-based) Moderate (Ruby-based) Moderate (GraphQL data layer) Fast (minimal JavaScript) Fast (server-side compilation) Extremely Fast (no virtual DOM)
Data Layer Flexible (data cascade) API Routes, client-side fetching File-based File-based GraphQL File-based, API routes Loaders, Actions Direct state management
Ecosystem Modular, plugin-driven Large (React ecosystem) Rich built-in features Mature (RubyGems) Extensive plugins Growing, flexible Growing, web standards focused Growing, performance-focused
Best For Blogs, docs, small sites Full-stack, complex apps Large blogs, fast builds Personal blogs, GitHub Pages Content-rich PWAs Content-driven, minimal JS Dynamic, interactive apps High-performance UIs

How to pick

Choosing an Eleventy alternative depends on your project's specific requirements and your team's existing skill set. Consider the following decision points:

  • For purely static, content-heavy sites where build speed is paramount: If you're building a large blog, extensive documentation, or a marketing site with thousands of pages and need the fastest possible build times, Hugo is likely your best choice. Its Go-based compilation speed is unmatched for these scenarios.
  • For projects requiring a full-stack solution with client-side interactivity and server-side capabilities: If your application needs dynamic user interfaces, API routes, authentication, or server-side data fetching beyond static generation, Next.js or Remix are strong contenders. Next.js, with its React foundation and support for various rendering strategies, is ideal for comprehensive web applications. Remix offers a similar full-stack experience with a strong emphasis on web standards.
  • For content-rich websites integrating multiple data sources and leveraging a modern frontend framework: If your site pulls content from headless CMS platforms, APIs, or other sources and you want to build a performant, component-driven frontend with React, Gatsby provides a powerful solution with its GraphQL data layer and extensive plugin ecosystem.
  • For simple blogs or documentation hosted on GitHub Pages, especially if you're familiar with Ruby: Jekyll remains a robust and straightforward option. Its tight integration with GitHub Pages makes deployment simple, and its blog-aware features are well-suited for personal sites.
  • For content-driven sites that need minimal JavaScript and flexibility in UI frameworks: If you want to build fast, content-focused sites and have the flexibility to use React, Vue, Svelte, or other component frameworks while shipping minimal JavaScript, Astro offers an excellent "island architecture" approach to performance.
  • For projects prioritizing raw UI performance and fine-grained reactivity in the browser: If your primary concern is building highly performant and reactive client-side user interfaces with minimal overhead, SolidJS, possibly with its meta-framework SolidStart, provides an efficient alternative to more traditional UI libraries.

Ultimately, the best alternative aligns with your technical requirements, team expertise, and the long-term vision for your project. Evaluate the learning curve, community support, and specific features offered by each framework before making a decision.